清代光绪元宝
清代光绪元宝
光绪元宝是清朝光绪年间流通的货币之一。由湖北两广总督张之洞率先引进英国铸币机器铸造银元和铜元,之后各省纷纷仿效。共有十九个省局铸造,除中央户部,地方省所铸铜元,皆在其正面上缘镌写省名。
Guangxu Yuanbao was one of the currency in circulation during the reign of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Zhang Zhidong, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces in Hubei Province, was the first to introduce British coin making machines to cast silver and copper coins, and then all provinces followed suit. A total of 19 provinces and bureaus cast copper coins, except for the central Hubu and local provinces, inscribed with the names of the provinces on the front.
光绪元宝是大清光绪年流通大面值货币之首,是我国首批引进海外技术的印发流通货币,对于现今也蕴藏了一定历史意义。广东省造光绪元宝在中国近代机器铸币史上属一个大系列,其铸期历时甚长(从光绪22年-光绪34年[1896至1908年]),历经十余载,币模几经更替,即使同一铸造年份亦往往由于修模、币材、工艺技术、工厂管理等诸多因素,造成版别异常繁杂。
Guangxu Yuanbao is the first large denomination currency in circulation in Guangxu year of Qing Dynasty. It is one of the first batch of printing and distributing currency that introduces overseas technology. It also contains certain historical significance for today. Guangxu Yuanbao made in Guangdong province belongs to a large series in the history of modern machine coinage in China. Its coinage lasted for a long time (from the 22nd year of Guangxu to the 34th year of Guangxu [1896-1908]). After more than ten years, the mints were replaced several times. Even in the same year, the editions were very complicated due to many factors, such as mold modification, coin materials, technology and factory management.
清代银币、纸钞、铜币并行,至嘉庆年间发行新式银元,而光绪年间铸行金、银币更多。洋务运动也影响到铸币业,两广总督张之洞曾于光绪十三年(1887年)委托使英大臣在英国订购全套造币机器,并在广东钱局首铸机制银元和铜元。其后,各省纷纷仿效,购制国外机械铸造银、铜元。包括广东钱局在内,许多造币机均订购自著名的英国伦敦伯明翰造币有限公司。英国大工业的介入,使银币也沾染上西方色彩。钱币正面鲜然可见满汉文化的融合,而钱背却明确标示了西方文化的介入。
In the Qing Dynasty, silver coins, paper notes and copper coins went hand in hand, and new silver coins were issued in Jiaqing period, while more gold and silver coins were produced in Guangxu period. The westernization movement also affected the coinage industry. In 1887, the governor of Guangdong and Guangdong provinces, Zhang Zhidong, entrusted the British ministers to order a complete set of coin making machines in Britain, and first minted silver and copper coins in Guangdong money Bureau. Later, the provinces followed suit and purchased foreign mechanical casting silver and copper coins. Many mints, including Guangdong money Bureau, are ordered from the famous London Birmingham Mint Co., Ltd. With the intervention of British industry, silver coins were also stained with western color. On the obverse side of the coin, the integration of Manchu and Han culture can be seen, while the back of coin clearly indicates the intervention of western culture.
"光绪元宝"当时共十九个省局铸造。除中央户部,地方省所铸铜元,皆在其正面上缘镌写省名。计有:1户部;2北洋;3吉林;4奉天;5清江;6浙江;7江南;8广东;9山东;10福建;11湖南;12湖北;13四川;14江西;15河南;16安徽;17广西;18新疆;19黑龙江。
At that time, the "Guangxu Yuanbao" was cast by 19 provinces. In addition to the central Hubu, the name of the province was engraved on the upper edge of the bronze coins. There are: 1 Hubu; 2 Beiyang; 3 Jilin; 4 Fengtian; 5 Qingjiang; 6 Zhejiang; 7 Jiangnan; 8 Guangdong; 9 Shandong; 10 Fujian; 11 Hunan; 12 Hubei; 13 Sichuan; 14 Jiangxi; 15 Henan; 16 Anhui; 17 Guangxi; 18 Xinjiang; 19 Heilongjiang.
此枚光绪元宝是覃先生收藏的珍品,该枚钱币材质为铜,钱币正面咸丰重宝直读,背面当十,穿廓异常规整,穿口修直,边缘宽扩;文字极为端美,楷书体书意典范,字口清晰,字韵盈溢;钱体浑厚沉稳,包浆浓郁自然。钱文精美,字口深峻,每个字的笔画都非常清晰,绝无粘连模糊,而且笔画比同版本的流通钱要细瘦,从细部看还保有手工镂刻的痕迹。此枚古钱铜制精良,铸造工艺也非常精美,形制规整,十分精致美观。
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